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RUS shipping knowledge

Cargo vessel types

Understand the main commercial vessel families, the units used to describe capacity, and the port or cargo constraints that shape routing.

Commercial vessel families

TEU measures container capacity, DWT measures carrying capacity by weight, and cubic metres or lane metres are common for gas and Ro/Ro vessels. These measures are not interchangeable.

Vessel typePrimary cargoTypical capacity measure / rangeCommon trade rolePlanning consideration
Feeder containershipContainers≈500–3,000 TEURegional and hub-feeder tradesShallower draft; frequent port calls
Panamax containershipContainers≈3,000–5,100 TEURoutes constrained by traditional locks or portsBeam and draft historically shaped by canal limits
Post-Panamax / neo-PanamaxContainers≈5,100–15,000 TEUMajor east–west tradesRequires suitable cranes, berth and draft
Ultra-large container vesselContainers≈15,000–24,000+ TEUHigh-volume trunk routesLimited to large gateway ports
General cargo vesselBreakbulk and packaged cargoDWT varies widelyFlexible multipurpose tradesMay carry own cranes
Handysize bulk carrierDry bulk≈10,000–40,000 DWTSmaller ports and diverse bulk tradesOften geared for self-loading support
Panamax / Kamsarmax bulkerDry bulk≈60,000–85,000 DWTCoal, grain and ore tradesPort and canal dimensions influence size
Capesize bulk carrierDry bulk≈100,000–200,000+ DWTLong-haul ore and coalRequires deepwater terminals
Product tankerRefined liquid products≈10,000–80,000 DWTPetroleum and clean productsSegregated tanks support multiple grades
Crude oil tankerCrude oilAframax to VLCC / ULCCDeep-sea crude tradesTerminal draft and parcel size are critical
Gas carrierLPG or LNGCapacity stated in m³Pressurized or cryogenic gas tradesSpecialized containment and safety systems
Ro/Ro or vehicle carrierWheeled and rolling cargoLane metres / vehicle capacityVehicles, trailers and machineryRamp limits and cargo dimensions govern fit
Heavy-lift vesselProject and oversized cargoCrane capacity variesEnergy and infrastructure projectsEngineered lifting and sea-fastening plans required
Multipurpose / reefer vesselMixed or temperature-sensitive cargoDWT and reefer slots varySpecialized breakbulk and perishablesCargo-system capability varies by ship

What determines vessel suitability?

  • Cargo form: containerized, wheeled, liquid, dry bulk, breakbulk or project cargo
  • Parcel size, stowage factor, segregation and contamination risk
  • Port draft, berth length, air draft, terminal gear and crane outreach
  • Cargo handling method, lifting points and permissible deck loading
  • Dangerous-goods, temperature, ventilation or tank compatibility needs
  • Schedule, transshipment, seasonal restrictions and terminal acceptance

Frequently asked questions

Are the listed dimensions guaranteed for every carrier?

No. Published dimensions and capacities are planning values. Manufacturing tolerances, equipment series, tare weight, legal limits, and carrier policy can change the usable space or payload.

What information should I provide for equipment confirmation?

Provide the packed length, width, height, gross weight, piece count, stackability, center of gravity where relevant, loading method, temperature needs, and any dangerous-goods status.

Standards and authoritative sources

Use these primary sources when a booking, customs entry, safety rule, or equipment certificate requires authoritative confirmation.

Need the right equipment for a live shipment?

Share the cargo dimensions, weight, origin, destination, and handling needs. Our team will verify availability and operating limits.

Request a shipping quote

Reference reviewed 31 August 2026. General planning guidance only; booking specifications, regulations, and tariff classifications take precedence.